IP ratings and ruggedness explained

15 06 2009

Ruggedness explained – an introduction

A good morning to you all. Maybe it was watching Bear Grylls surviving in the Turkish mountains last night but for some reason I woke up this morning feeling all tough and rugged!! So, I thought i’d kick this week off with an article about how to ensure you have the right rugged devices.

Rugged and Mobile, as the name suggests, is emmersed in the world of rugged data capture equipment and a lot of customers come to us with their own idea as to what the term “rugged” actually means. A device that might be rugged to one person is not necessarily rugged to another and I think this is the core issue when talking about rugged devices with customers. I think it’s important to spend a fair bit of time trying to understand the environments the device will be used in when talking to a potential buyer because it’s not necessarily a case of getting any device with an IP rating as we’ll soon see! There are a lot of considerations that I have seen become achilles heels to ruggedness and what I’m going to discuss in this article are all the different aspects I have ever come across that make a device truly rugged. Hold on and sit tight because there are quite a few!!

Essentially there are 3 main facets to a device ruggedness:

• IP Rating
• Impact Protection
• Other considerations

IP Rating

IP or “Ingress Protection” is an internationally recognised classification system (EN60529), demonstrating how well sealed enclosures of electrical equipment are against foreign bodies. In layman’s terms it’s a measure of how dust and water proof a device is. IP ratings always come with 2 numbers, “IP54” for example.
The 1st digit indicates the degree of protection against solid objects and due to the range of equipment types IP ratings cover this can measure things as large as people’s hands or fingers (deliberate access) to smaller objects such as dust, which are more appropriate to the kind of devices we sell at Rugged and Mobile.

The 2nd digit indicates the degree of protection against harmful entry of various forms of moisture covering anything from water drips, to spray, to total immersion in water.
Let’s look at the official table of IP ratings below:

Is your device IP rated?

IP examples
So, for example an outdoor plug socket could have an IP rating of IP22, which means it cannot be access by bodies 12.5mm in size and it will have a degree of resistance to dripping water if tilted away by 15 degrees.

At the other end of the scale you can get underwater equipment that is IP68 rated which means it is totally protected against dust penetration and is also able to work totally and continually immersed under at least 1m of water.

Typical Rugged device IP ratings
Rugged PDA’s and Barcode readers are typically IP rated between IP30 and IP67. We are seeing a trend now towards newer devices being IP67 where typically they have been IP54 in the past.

IP rating is an industry standard rating. Manufacturers have to work hard to register their devices and it is a reliable, if not slightly arbitrary at times, measure. So if you want a device that’s dust and waterproof to some degree look for the IP rating. We rate all our devices on our website under the features tab on the product page. You can also search our site for specific IP rated devices.

Impact Protection

Being dust and water proof and having a good IP rating is a good start but there is more you need to consider. A truly rugged device also needs to withstand a certain amount of impact or shock when dropped.

Impact protection gets a little bit trickier and there are various standards that have been imposed and dropped and depending which country you are operating in there are adopted standards. Here in the UK however there are currently 2 ways you can get an idea of how impact resistant a device is with one dropped standard I discuss first.

IP 3rd number
Originally there was a 3rd number to the IP rating which to the best of my knowledge was adopted by the IP standard but then later dropped. The rating went from 0 to 6 but what I do know is that I can’t remember the last time I saw this rating used on the kind of devices we sell!

So for example an IP676 device would be fully dustproof, be able to be immersed in up to 1m of water and would be protected against a 5KG weight dropped onto it from 40cm.

IK Rating
This is a current standard, however again I rarely see it used myself and to be honest it doesn’t really help at all when buying the kind of rugged devices we sell.

I’m not sure if both of the above methods would tell us much about the toughness of the device anyway but there is a more reliable measure that is commonly used today.

Drop Specification
A useful measure of impact, and one that most manufacturers have adopted, is known as drop testing that results in a drop specification for the device. It is important to mention here that there is actually no adopted industry standard when it comes to drop specs and some manufacturers are a little more open than others about how they test but most do test by dropping the device onto hard concrete from a height. This is a much more realistic way of testing. I have heard of some manufacturers drop testing onto hard rubber, carpet or other surfaces but the main ones do state the test conditions in the device specification.

Drop spec’s are rated in metres or feet and typically range from 0.9 to 2.1 metres for the kind of devices we sell at Rugged and Mobile.

So a good IP rating does not necessarily mean you can drop a device which I feel is often overlooked when choosing the right rugged hardware. However it is rare to find a highly IP rated device that doesn’t also have a decent drop specification.

Other considerations

I want to add some experience of other things you can look out for that can help make a device more rugged or not.

Protruding parts
Take a look at the device itself. If it’s a PDA, does it have a protruding aerial? The device might be able to withstand a drop of 6 feet but what if it lands on the aerial? There are more and more devices that now have built in, non protruding aerials so this isn’t the issue it used to be and popular devices such as the Motorola MC70 have a pretty fat, stubby tough aerial that I personally know withstands drops well. However there are cheaper devices out there that have pathetic little weak aerials that are very susceptible to this sort of damage.

Also we see a lot 3rd party or snap-on modules, especially RFID scanners that are susceptible to drops, so look out for that too. You may buy a great device only a year later to find the snap-ons are just not going to work for you.

Screen
As with the aerial, a PDA can also do a lot more to protect its screen. Again a device might have a good drop spec but with the best will in the world you can’t expect to drop a device onto its screen and expect it to survive. Look for how well the screen is recessed as this helps protect it if dropped. Does the device fall naturally on its end or back so that it keeps the weaker parts away from any impact? And let’s not forget that the screen itself is subject to scratching and pressure from the stylus (or the inevitable steel pen!) and dirty gritty gloves or hands. Add this abuse up over 12 months and the device could be unusable.

Cables
If it’s a barcode scanner then look at the cable. What happens if it’s pulled too hard? Is the cable secured well inside the unit? Does the cable detach in the event of over stretching and is the cable itself protected from abuse?

Medical treatments
Not necessarily “Rugged” but some devices are better suited for laboratory or medical use where the cleanliness of the device is critical. Is it coated so that it is easy to keep clean and what restrictions do you have when cleaning the device of harmful substances?

Temperature
Definitely a measure of ruggedness to some. If temperature is critical to your environment then you need to look at the operating temperatures of the devices as they do differ. Some do go lower and higher than others.

Accessories
Lastly accessories that can help protect the device further are especially useful if you’re using it in a truly rugged environment. Zebra do a range of covers for their printers that increase the IP rating for the device and the HTC P6500 has a great case that turns it from a non IP rated device into a rugged one. Screen protectors, cables, cases, cradles etc can all help to either protect the device or prevent a working practise that puts the life of the devices at risk and you should always try and understand how the devices will be used and how an accessory could help extend the life of it.

So that’s it. I really made myself think when I first went through all this but then quickly realised these are all very real problems I see companies come up against almost on a daily basis. If you consider them now, you’ll save time and money later.





Rugged and Mobile eShop update

12 06 2009

Hi Everyone

Just a quick update on how we’re getting along with our eShop. Good news is that we have the last of our partnerships in place which will allow us to sell TomTom 7.0 software and some Acer PDA’s.

The website has gone through an official Alpha test this week and we’re building in the catalogue now and going live next week. We’ll ramp up the products over a 2 week period to ensure that all our data feeds are working properly but remember we can find most products if you call us and give us a few days.

You’ll be able to order through our website using your credit card and you’ll be able to log in to Service Gateway, our support portal from the main page. We’re also busy building in our business approval service right now so that approved businesses will be able to order via invoice online. In effect you’ll be able to get an online credit account with us.

We’ve also got development of the project element of Service Gateway under-way so we’ll soon be running our projects through this portal too. It’s really going to put service at the heart oif what we do and we very proud to be able to put our customers at the centre of our business.

I’m really excited about this. The shop looks great it will make us unique in our market and will give customers something that a lot of you have been asking about.

Regards

Dave





Top 10 tips when buying a barcode scanner

12 06 2009

The world of barcodes can at best be a very confusing subject and making the right decision when buying the right barcode hardware for your business can be a road littered with potential issues.
A leap of faith by you, the customer is often required at some point and this article gives you 9 quick lessons to think about when buying your hardware and hopefully makes that leap of faith a small confident step rather than a huge leap!

If you can take just a couple of pointers from this article you will save yourself a lot of grief that could also cost you a lot of time and money.

Tip 1 – Reseller Impartiality

Some resellers have ties with certain products or manufacturers and all they want to do is push these products, making huge margins at the expense of their customers who more often than not come unstuck at some point with the wrong hardware. They might be a UK distributor for a certain manufacturer, they might get preference due to sales of certain equipment or they might have other reasons to peddle something that benefits them and not necessarily you.

I hate selling unethically like this and just because the customer hasn’t asked the right questions, doesn’t mean it’s OK.

When it comes to the big manufacturers, Motorola, HHP, Honeywell, Intermec etc, then it’s less likely that anything suspect is going on because they run tight ships for the benefit of the honest reseller and their customers. If a piece of kit is put in front of you from some Korean or Chinese based manufacturer you’ve never heard of before then beware because it often brings a whole host of problems with it too.

Ask if they sell to resellers or have any ties with manufacturers or distribution partners as this is a giveaway and also ask plainly if they import or distribute on behalf of the manufacturer.

I want to leave it there on this lesson, but just be aware that I have seen countless companies come unstuck later on because they got pushed into a piece of equipment that looks good in an office but in the real world was never going to work for them. One company I worked for in the past peddled a certain manufacturer like this when they couldn’t even get the sales dept to ring them back within 48 hours! Don’t even ask me about the level of support they offered and we wouldn’t have a manufacturer on our lists who offered this level of service. If in doubt pose the question in our forums, ask us or even email/phone the manufacturer’s sales departments yourself. If their sales teams take 24 hours to get back to you then what is the support going to be like?

Tip 2 – Barcode compatibility

Pretty obvious I hear you say but believe me a lot of people have come unstuck on this. You need to ensure that the scanner will scan the barcodes you need it to so buying a 1D Laser scanner is simply not going to work on many 2D barcodes. Likewise I see so many people double their costs immediately buying 2D scanners and never using them on anything but 1D barcodes where they can often underperform laser scanners. Its horses for courses here so make sure you buy what you actually need! If in doubt try and evaluate the product……

Tip 3 – Evaluate

If you’re buying a fair few scanners then ask your reseller if they will send you an evaluation unit. For the cost of a bit of postage you’ll be able to play with the unit in the situation it will be used in which will not only uncover any potential pitfalls but also give you the ability to get feedback from your users as well. This brings me onto my next tip…

Tip 4 – Get user feedback

Your users are often a sticking point with any solution and make sure you take into account their thoughts and feedback. The most successful solutions we deliver are when the customer has a user involved in their project who is fully committed to evaluating and spending the time getting the right product for their business.

Doing this will also enable you to ask better questions when talking to resellers, focussing in on the right product for you.

Tip 5 – IP rated does not necessarily mean rugged to you

We have another article on ruggedness. Search our blog for the term “Rugged.” The common mistake people make here is that they think an IP rated device makes it tough! Remember that IP rating is about dust and water resistance not about how far you can drop it or how many times you can drive over it with a fork lift truck before breaking it (that’s usually only once by the way!!). Ask about drop specs too. Although manufacturers don’t have a standard way to measure this, most do drop test on solid concrete and give you the height it is tested from.

Another word of warning here is that this is not about a warranty/support issue and many buyers come with the wrong mind-set on ruggedness. Manufacturers have no way of determining whether you have dropped a 1.5m drop specified device from 1.8m! It’s about what you are likely to be doing and how disruptive to your business having a device repaired or replaced is to your business. If you are working up ladders then get something that can be dropped from 1.8m+, if you’re working on the ground then 0.9m is often enough.

Tip 6 – Tethered or Wireless

Not an obvious one this, but going wireless is not always the best route. There’s no doubt about it that wireless scanners are great and can offer huge benefits. However wireless freedom and battery life is often a delicate balance and believe me, your users will not use that charging cradle like you think they will!! Batteries are also an extra consumable that will require replacement at some stage dependant on usage.

Also consider your environment and the potential interference you might already have. Wi-Fi based scanners are great because you can use them often reliably over 100m ranges, but if there’s already other Wi-Fi networks around, or perhaps other manufacturer scanners working along-side each other, then they can interfere with each other. At best you need someone who can configure Wi-Fi correctly. At worst interference will repeatedly bring your network down.

There are also other ways at minimising this. You could use a Bluetooth scanner but range is often the loser here. Some manufacturers offer their own proprietary systems, based on Wi-Fi but better at dealing with interference.

It also brings new considerations with it such as what your software solution will do if a scan is dropped mid-way through or when the scanner goes out of range. A lot of companies buy new scanners, going wireless and realise that their proprietary software solution is not built for these eventualities, causing huge problems.

Get a site survey first if in doubt, talk to your reseller and try to get them onsite to take a look around.

Tip 7 – Batching data and scanner functionality

Another consideration is how connected you want your users to be to your systems. Most scanners don’t have memory and need to pass the barcode straight into your system, much like a tethered shop/EPOS handheld barcode scanner. Some will store data on them so your users can scan multiple barcodes and then upload data in a batch fashion. This can work for warehouse pickers or in areas where you know they will be out of range for periods of time.

If you need more, say some kind of functionality on the device itself then considering a batch scanner with Windows C.E. on it might be appropriate or indeed going the whole way and looking at the PDA/Handheld’s on offer that offer fully blown Microsoft Windows Mobile or CE operating systems and can handle fully blown applications. You see supermarket’s using MC9000’s and MC70’s like this on their shop floor.

Tip 8 – Configuration

This isn’t the biggest consideration but you do want to ease the configuration process, especially if you have a need to configure your scanners with a proprietary system. Most scanners come with scan sheets that will configure them correctly and you might be lucky enough to be able to use your scanners out of the box but time after time customers will buy scanners and realise that they do not work with their Nixdorf or IBM backend without complicated configuration. Make sure you mention your needs early on as it might also restrict the type of scanner that you can buy.

We offer a configuration service to our customers but we then store this information in your support area so that we do it once for you and you have the ability to do it later yourself.

Tip 9 – The cost Vs Value pitfalls

I cannot stress this enough!! It is a tight market we operate in and margins are ever under threat. Getting a device at lowest cost is always going to be a pressure for you but always look at overall costs.

Who looks like they will support you best? Is your reseller eager to work with you after the sale, do they seem happy to chat to you when you ring or email and do they respond quickly? Don’t forget that dealing with the big resellers might shave a few pounds off your price but it may also mean you will be a small customer who will not get the same attention as you would get with a slightly smaller reseller. I have even heard of resellers selling at under cost price just to get the business, which is not only illegal but you are also working with someone who is cost and not service based. Just watch your business suffer as you find they can’t support you or offer the service you need.

The world is changing and service and support should be at the heart of what you and your reseller do.

We’re passionate about what we do here and a problem here is like a challenge to us and once you’re with us you’ll see a community of people as well as trained staff that can help us get answers quickly.

Tip 10 – When it all goes wrong

The last area I wanted to mention is support. Remember that warranty and support are very different animals and increasingly if you do not buy support then manufacturers and resellers will not take you seriously when you inevitably have a problem. Why should they take your business seriously when you aren’t?

The best resellers, like us, will always give you your support options and will always talk to you on a service level rather than a cost level. Make sure you give your business the best chance of survival and in turn give your customers the best service you can. You can only do this if you protect your hardware from the eventualities that WILL happen. You can’t stop people from losing or breaking devices and devices in the field will get stolen.

Rugged and Mobile has a fantastic core support product that blends with manufactures offerings and most importantly is designed to keep you running.

Make sure you have the support conversation and remember you ultimately get what you pay for!!

There we have it, 9 tips that will hopefully help you when you’re buying your next equipment. There are of course many other things you need to talk about but these should get you asking the right kinds of questions and should stimulate the right reseller into understand your business.





A Practical Barcode Introduction

11 06 2009
A Rugged and mobile barcode hello
A Rugged and mobile barcode hello

Understanding Barcodes
Hi there, so this article will be about barcodes. It’s a popular subject for us and one that many people have asked me to help them with. Barcodes to Rugged and Mobile are what sandwiches are to the rest of us. We live off them whether it’s for brekky, lunch or sometimes tea!

This article is designed to be high level and give the average barcode scanning buyer some good information in order to buy and implement the right barcode system. We’ll be leaving all the technical stuff like check bits, parity and the plethora of device settings to another discussion.

Barcodes in a nutshell are about being able to identify something. It could be a product where a barcode identifies a product group which can be used to look-up data such as a price. It could be to track an asset of some kind where identifying a unique piece of equipment is required or it could be for something more generic where fast/convenient entering of data is required. For example I’ve seen a rudimentary tracking system where a security guard will scan a barcode on various doors to simply confirm he had been there on his watch.

If you have a requirement to quickly ID and track something then a barcode is still a pretty useful way of doing it.

Why use barcodes?
Despite barcodes being around for decades and having a shaky technical start to its life, barcodes still remain the most reliable, inexpensive and easy to implement system of identification. When compared to younger more functional auto ID technology such as RFID (see a future article), the hardware acquisition costs alone are still streets apart. A barcode costs well under 1 pence to generate, you can generate it using pretty much any printer on the market and it can be read by cheap equipment. Most mobile Enterprise phones these days can read barcodes simply using the built in camera along with a simple piece of software.

RFID on the other hand, costs a lot more on average putting its undeniably fantastic functionality out of reach of many projects for the time being.

Barcode labels
Just a quick mention at this point that you can print your barcodes on almost anything and there are 1000’s of types of label media that you can use. There are standard paper labels, labels for normal every day printers, labels for purpose barcode printers like the Zebra QL range for example. You can print on tear proof, water proof, fade proof (Or purposely fading) media to name but a few and there are many companies including Rugged and Mobile who you can get your media from as well as outsource your printing to.

The market is at the stage now where it is very cheap and easy to set up a barcoding solution as long as you know the pitfalls like we do here!

One word of warning is that all barcodes need to follow a strict set of rules regarding their size, contrast and structure. If your barcodes are too light, printed too small or not standards compliant in any way then the chances are you will have great difficulty when scanning them.

Bar code scanning devices don’t use magic to scan a barcode, they use technology and as such you need to make sure that your barcodes are printed correctly.

The history of the barcode
Before we go on I wanted to mention briefly the history of barcoding. Barcodes were originally developed and used in the US in the 1960’s by the railroad companies to automatically identify their train wagons. However the project ended up a failure and it wasn’t until the mid 80’s where supermarket pressure to reduce their supply chain costs sanctioned a barcoding project that would change identification forever. It still resembles pretty much what we see today in the shape of the UPC barcode. The first ever barcode scan was performed on a stick of Wrigley’s juicy fruit chewing gum in 1974 and ever since then barcodes were slowly but surely adopted by more and more businesses and markets.

Wrigleys Jucy Fruit - The first ever barcode scanned

Wrigleys Juicy Fruit - The first ever barcode scanned

 

It wasn’t long before IBM designed various versions of the UPC barcode in order to help it find its feet in different markets and new ones are still being developed today.  Let’s look at some of the different types of barcode in the market today.

Barcode Symbologies
There are many different type of barcodes used today, approximately 40 world-wide when I last looked, known as barcode symbologies. Some are tightly governed like ISBN or EAN codes used for book reference and others are freely usable open source like Semacode or QR Code and the rest fall into the middle somewhere.  Essentially 3 different formats of barcode are used in industry with new versions being added all the time. The most common types are:

1D or linear barcodes
Still by far the most commonly used format and you see them everywhere!  They’re used on most products you buy at the supermarket and come in a variety of sub categories.  However they’re all essentially black lines of varying thickness and can be read by almost all types of scanner. The main limitation of this symbology is the limit to the amount of data that can be stored inside the barcode and we can see this demonstrated below.
 

A typical UPC-A barcode storing a unique number.

A typical UPC-A barcode storing a unique number.

Looks OK doesn’t it?  However this barcode format only allows us to store numerical data and spaces.  Pretty restrictive these days so other standards are launched to provide more functionality.

Code39, for example can store capital letters, digits 0-9 some symbols and space characters.  Much better but there’s a cost to all this:

A typical Code 39 barcode storing a unique number.

A typical Code 39 barcode storing a unique number.

The barcode requires more lines to store each character and it grows in size.  Already this barcode is pretty unusable in certain applications.

If we were to store information in this barcode such as an address things rapidly become madness!

Code93 Barcode of Address

Code93 Barcode of Address

This has been reduced in size by about 50% and only shows limited address data.

Not particularly usable is it and even using other barcode formats you’’ll quickly run into the same issue.

So what am I trying to demonstrate here is that 1D barcodes still have a great use in the ID arena where an ID is required on the asset you are tracking.  Products still use UPC in some manner and Code 39, 93 128 and others are widely used too.

The parcel delivery world however demonstrates perfectly a limitation to the 1D barcode.  What if you need to store more information on the parcel itself?  In the case of parcel delivery it is common that a parcel has to go through various delivery companies, all with proprietary and incompatible IT systems.  Scanning the 1D barcode used as an ID would make sense for the company generating it but it would probably make little sense to any others who might need to scan and identify the parcel.  So to get round this many use 2D barcodes that can store much more data, the address for instance, so that if all else fails each company has a chance at automating delivery in some way.

2D “stacked” barcodes
As the need to store more information in the barcode increased, the ‘stacked’ barcode became more popular. This barcode looks like a 2D barcode (see next) but it is essentially just a bunch of 1D barcodes “stacked” on top of each other. This meant that for instance a name and address details could be stored in a barcode, where it would have been impossible before. These barcodes can still be read by most laser or CCD based scanners by dragging the scan line down as you scan, depending on the scanner’s software or set-up.

PDF417 Barcode of full address

PDF417 Barcode of full address

The above actually stores our whole address in it in a 4 column PDF417 2D barcode. You’ll see these barcodes frequently used in the parcel delivery trade where the need to store data with the parcel is required. In fact you usually see a whole range of barcodes on a parcel as different ones are used for the identification process as are used for simply storing more data for the delivery drivers.

The need to store even more information within the same space, along with attempts to secure the data have given rise to the 3rd main barcode symbology, the Matrix barcode.

2D Matrix barcode
Again commonly seen and used on parcel delivery labels and adopted by the Japanese in full force, the 2D Matrix barcode can store even more data and are typified by their blocky almost artistic nature! You need a 2D scanner to read these types of barcodes.

The below shows QR Code and Aztec 2D barcodes storing the same full address data:

Aztec 2D Barcode storing full address

Aztec 2D Barcode storing full address

QR Code Barcode storing full address

QR Code Barcode storing full address

You can store much more in these types of barcode with efficient increases in size.

 

Postal barcodes
These are the last barcode type we’ll mention here.  They’re now on every letter you receive and are the odd black or bright orange lines you see on the front of your letters.

The below barcode is our postcode translated into Royal Mail 4 state customer code(RM4SCC):

RM4SCC Barcode storing Postcode

RM4SCC Barcode storing Postcode

Primarily developed for the mail sorting machines to identify letters better, there are an increasing number of handheld scanners and PDA’s that can now read them opening up a whole bunch of new opportunities for letter identification post delivery.

There are more barcode symbologies but they pretty much fall into all the above categories apart from a few such as Microsoft’s Tag barcode that uses colour to store a whole new dimension of data depth. However it is the opinion of Rugged and mobile that by the time a lot of these standards could be adopted, RFID and other newer technology could end up killing them off so it’ll be interested watching them but inevitably other technologies will take over.

A look to the future
The future bodes well for barcodes as the technology continues to adapt to new social needs whilst maintaining low costs to implement. We are still seeing new symbologies launched. Postnet is now the staple barcode for postage and in the past 18 months we have seen more and more handheld devices reliably reading it which opens up fantastic new opportunities.

Microsoft and Nokia are using barcode technology, along with your location so that you can scan a poster, say a movie poster, which will take into account your location and then automatically download information to your phone based upon this. In fact we’re working with someone right now on this very technology and i’ve tested it and it’s pretty cool to be able to scan a barcode on a poster and quickly get information on the product as well as the nearest retailers and a coupon for my troubles!!

Barcodes look set to stay for the near future at least!

Next we’ll look into the basics of barcode scanners and see what kinds of technology have been developed to actually scan barcodes in various guises.

Don’t forget to check out some of our fuller PDF downloadable articles and join our newsletter by going to www.ruggedandmobile.com